Carotid endarterectomy combined with vertebral artery transposition treating vertebral artery V1 segment stenosis combined with ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the treatment outcome of carotid endarterectomy combined with vertebral artery transposition in patients with severe stenosis to occlusion of the vertebral artery V1 segment and the ipsilateral carotid artery. Methods    From June 2017 to September 2020, patients with severe stenosis to occlusion of the vertebral artery V1 segment and the ipsilateral carotid artery treated with carotid endarterectomy combined with vertebral artery transposition in Fuwai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results    Finally 12 patients were enrolled, including 10 males and 2 females with an average age of 67.8±6.0 years. Twelve patients were successfully operated and the follow-up time was 1-3 years. The stenosis degree of the V1 segment of the vertebral artery decreased from 83.5%±11.8% to 24.9%±14.3% (P<0.001). The stenosis degree of carotid artery decreased from 85.6%±11.0% to 0% (P<0.001). Postoperative follow-up showed that the symptoms of symptomatic patients before surgery improved. The 1-year and 3-year patency rates were 100.0%, and there were no peripheral nerve injury complications, perioperative deaths or strokes. Conclusion    Carotid endarterectomy combined with vertebral artery transposition can treat ipsilateral carotid artery  stenosis and vertebral artery stenosis at the same time, improve blood supply to the brain, improve patients' symptoms and has high promotion value.

Old fusidane-type antibiotics for new challenges: Chemistry and biology / 中国天然药物

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and exhausted drug leads render some infections untreatable now and in the future. To deal with these "new challenges", scientists tend to re-pick up "old antibiotics". Fusidane-type antibiotics have been known for nearly 80 years as potent antibacterial agents against gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococci, and represent the only triterpene-derived antibiotic class in clinical setting. These attractive characteristics have drawn renewed attention on fusidane-type antibiotics in recent decades. Isolation, characterization, biological evaluation, as well as chemical modifications of fusidane-type antibiotics are increasingly being reported. Combinatorial biosynthesis of this type of antibiotics has been successfully utilized not only for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways, but also for expanding their structural diversity. Some isolated and synthetic compounds exhibit comparable or even more potent biological activity than fusidic acid. This review provides an overview of progress on the studies of structure and biology of fusidane-type antibiotics from 1943 to April 2021. The informative structure-activity relationship is also highlighted.

Modified vertebral-carotid transposition treating stenosis at V1 segment of vertebral artery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the treatment of modified vertebral-carotid transposition (VCT) in patients with severe stenosis or occlusion at V1 segment of vertebral artery. Methods    A retrospective study of 13 patients with severe stenosis or occlusion at V1 segment of vertebral artery treated by modified VCT in our hospital from October 2016 to December 2018 was done. There were 10 males and 3 females with an average age of 70.5±7.1 years. Results    The operation was successful in this series of patients. The follow-up duration was 1-3 years. The stenosis degree of the V1 segment of the vertebral artery decreased from 86.8%±7.5% to 17.4%±14.5%. All patients achieved remission of symptoms after the surgery. Temporary peripheral nerve injury occurred in 6 patients. Four patients with neurological complications relieved during follow-up. The patency rate was 100.0% at postoperative 1 and 3 years. There was no perioperative death, stroke or re-intervention. Conclusion    Modified VCT can precisely restore the distal blood flow of patients with severe stenosis or occlusion at V1 segment of vertebral artery, and relieve their symptoms.

Combination of physician modified stent-graft fenestration and in-situ needle fenestration during thoracic endovascular aortic repair / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the in-situ needle fenestration combined with the in vitro physician modified fenestration technique to reconstruct supra-aortic branches during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aortic arch lesions requiring landing at Z0 and Z1.Methods:From Nov 2017 to Dec 2019, eighteen patients who underwent both the in-situ needle fenestration and the in vitro physician modified fenestration techniques to extend the proximal landing zone to Z0 and Z1 during TEVAR were included in our study.Results:Sixteen patients underwent in vitro physician modified fenestration ,two patients underwent in vitro physician modified fenestration to reconstruct both the left common carotid artery and the innominate artery. All eighteen patients received in-situ needle fenestration to preserve the left subclavian artery. Supra aortic branches were preserved in all patients (38/38, 100%). There was no Type Ⅰ endoleak. Type Ⅱ endoleak was found in four paitnets (4/18). Type Ⅲ endoleak occurred in one patient (1/18). Type Ⅳ endoleak in four patients (4/18). Type Ⅲ endoleak needed open aortic arch repair 6 months later. The median follow-up time was 12 months. One (1/18) died in 12 months and the other patients were doing well.Conclusions:The joint application of the in-situ needle fenestration and the in vitro physician modified fenestration to reconstruct supra-aortic branches during TEVAR for aortic arch pathologies requiring landing at Z0 and Z1 was satisfactory.

The Comparison of Iron Deficiency Anemia Rat Treated with Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Ferrous Ion Complex and Ferrous Sulfate / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex solution and ferrous sulfate solution in iron deficiency anemia rats and their effects on gastric mucosa.@*METHODS@#Seven rats were randomly selected from thirty five SPF grade SD rats as control group, and were fed with normal diet, distilled water (E). The rest of SD rats were fed with low iron feed and distilled water plus continuous tail vein bloodletting to establish the iron deficiency anemia model. After the model was established successfully, the rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank control group (A), iron deficiency anemia control group (B), ferrous sulfate group (C), hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous ion complex (HPCTS-Fe@*RESULTS@#After modeling, except the normal control group, the hair color of the rats in the four groups showed dark yellow and the belly of the toes became white gradually. HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After treatment, the rats with dark yellow hair in group C and D were improved, and the toe abdomen turned pink gradually. RBC, HGB, HCT, Ret%, MCV, MCH, MCHC and SF in rats in group C and D increased, which were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The HGB of the rats in group D was higher than that of group C in day 28th during treatment and the Ret% was higher than that in group C at day 10th (P<0.05).After treatment, the liver and spleen of the rats in group C and D were lighter than those in group B (P<0.05).The gastric mucosa in group A, B, D and E was not damaged obviously, while it was slightly irritated and damaged in group C.@*CONCLUSION@#Hydroxypropyl chitosan ferrous complex solution can improve the hemoglobin level of SD rats with iron deficiency anemia, which is stronger than ferrous sulfate solution and shows no damage to gastric mucosa.

Toxic Effects of Long-term Exposure to PM / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the toxic damage and possible mechanism of chronic exposure of ambient particulate matter (PM@*METHODS@#Mice were treated with different doses (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) of chitosan after exposure to PM@*RESULTS@#Compared with the mice in control group, IL-2 secretion and CXCL12 expression were decreased in the bone marrow of PM@*CONCLUSION@#Chronic exposure of PM

Mid-term outcomes in patients undergoing tricuspid valve repair with rheumatic tricuspid valve disease / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to summarize the characteristics of rheumatic tricuspid valve disease ( RTVD) and to evaluate the mid-term outcomes in patients undergoing tricuspid valve repair with RTVD. Methods Between January 2009 and June 2016, 251 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease( RHD) underwent left-sided valvular re-placement by a single surgeon. We analyzed 39 patients with RTVD which was diagnosed during the operation. Among them, 32 patients, with moderate or higher tricuspid regurgitation( TR) , were compared with other 59 patients of functional tricuspid regurgitation( FTR) for a better understanding of the features of the RTVD. A total of 39 patients were categorized into 2 groups:Ring annuloplasty group(n=33) and non-Ring annuloplasty group(n=6) which consisted of modified De Vega annu-loplasty for 4 patients and edge-to-edge repair for 2. Meanwhile, 13 of them underwent concomitant tricuspid commissurotomy and 1 patient had a tricuspid leaflet augmentation procedure. We analyzed the mid-term outcomes of 22 patients( follow-up du-ration>1 year)with a mean follow-up duration of(45.5 ±25.1) months. Results Compared with FTR, patients with RTVD had higher preoperative TR grade(3.1 ±0.8 vs. 2.6 ±0.7, P=0.004) but with lower preoperative PASP[(53.8 ±19.4) mmHgvs.(63.6±21.5)mmHg,P=0.037)](1mmHg=0.133kPa) andtricuspidannulusdiameter(TAD) thatobserved bothinpreoperativeechocardiogramtests[(37.0±5.7)mmvs.(41.9±6.7)mm,P=0.018)]andintraoperativedetection [(35.6±4.1)mmvs.(39.9±6.5)mm,P=0.000)] . TherewasnoearlymortalityandresidualmoderateorhigherTR grades in either group. Compared with patients in non-ring annuloplasty group, patients in ring annuloplasty group showed low-er postoperative TR grade(0. 2 ± 0. 4 vs. 0. 7 ± 0. 5, P=0. 039) and acceptable TR grade(0. 8 ± 0. 5 vs. 1. 3 ± 1. 9, P>0. 050) during the mid-term follow-up. PASP, the peak diastolic velocity and pressure gradient across tricuspid valve were not different between groups in preoperative, postoperative and follow-up. Conclusion Compared with FTR, Patients with RTVD had lower preoperative PASP and TAD, but with a higher preoperative TR grade. In our study, ring annuloplasty showed simi-lar mid-term outcomes compared with other procedures.

Mechanisms of FOXM1 in carcinogenesis and the progression of the anti-FOXM1 target drugs / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1),one member of the Forkhead family,plays an important role in tumor development,invasion,metastasis and angiogenesis by regulating the expression of tumor related genes.Moreover,The specific mechanism of FOXM1 is not fully understood in the development of tumors.Currently,the study of anticancer drugs targeting FOXM1 is in the initial stage.Exploring the mechanism of FOXM1 in carcinogenesis and the development of drugs targeting FOXM1 and its downstream signaling pathways have broad clinical application prospects.

Analysis of the key factors in SCID mouse-human leukemia model / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was to explore the key factors in leukemia model through the analysis of mouse with bad life state in the modeling process of leukemia so as to provide the theoretical reference for improving the success rate of modeling.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>At 1 week after inoculation of leukemia cells into SCID mice, the life status and peripheral hemogram of SCID mice were tested, the bone marrow smears, splean biopsy and spleen index of mice were examined after dissecting mormal and agoned/died mice during modoling, and the examined results were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with control mice, the life status of experimental mice was poor; the blood smear test showed juvenile cells, slightly more white blood cells with irregular shape and partial rupture, the lymphocytes and band cells obviously increased, the neutrophile granulocytes showed nuclear left shift; the bone marrow smears showed larger cell volume, smaller mulcoplasm, abnormal morphology of cells and cell nuclei and serious cell rapture; the spleen examination showed that the spleen diplayed enlargement and hyperemia to varying degree, the spleen index obviously increase, the spleen interstitial expansion, cell disordered arragement and irregular cell shope were observed, however there was no infiltration of leukemia cells in control and experimental mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mouse age, pathway of inoculating the leukemia cells, sterile condition in breading and avoiding the rejection and inflammatory response in modeling process are the key foctors influencing the modeling success.</p>

Complete genomic analysis of a novel infectious bronchitis virus isolate / 病毒学报

The genome of CK/CH/SD09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBV in China. Twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of CK/CH/SD09/005. The nucleotide sequence of CK/CH/SD09/005 was compared with reference IBV strains retrieved from GenBank. The phylogenic relationship between CK/CH/SD09/005 and the reference strains was analyzed based on S1 gene sequences. The complete genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 consisted of 27691 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly A tail. The whole-genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 shared 97 - 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the GX-NN09032 strain, which was the only complete genome that was closely related to CK/CH/SD09/005. When compared with all reference strains except GX-NN09032, CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest similarity to ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 (QX-like) in the replicase gene (Gene 1) and 3'UTR, with a sequence identity rate of 97% and 98%, respectively. However, CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited lower levels of similarity with ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 in S-3a-3b-3c/ E-M-5a-5b-N with a sequence identity of 72% - 90%. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest level of nucleotide identity with Korean strain 1011, and Chinese strains CK/CH/LXJ/02I, DK/CH/HN/ZZ2004 and YX10, in ORF 3c/E (97%), 5a (96%), 5b (99%) and N (96%), respectively. ORFs 3a, 3b and M of CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited no more than 90% homology with the reference strains, excluding GX-NN09032. The phylogenic analysis based on the S1 gene revealed that CK/CH/SD09/005 and 39 published strains were classified into seven clades (genotypes). CK/CH/SD09/005 was distributed in clade IV with several isolates collected between 2007 and 2012. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed 66% - 69% and 72% - 81% nucleotide identities with the IBV strains of other six clades in the S1 and S2 subunits, respectively. More over, multiple substitutions were found throughout the entire S gene of CK/CH/SD09/005, while insertions and deletions were located within the S1 gene. These results indicated that CK/CH/SD09/005 is a novel variant that may be derived from the QX-like strains that are prevalent in China. Multiple genetic mechanisms, including recombinations, mutations, insertions and deletions, are likely to have contributed to the emergence of this IBV strain.

Effect of notch signaling pathway on VEGF promoting rat mesenchymal stem cell proliferation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of Notch signaling pathway on VEGF promoting the proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Rat MSC were cultured in vitro, and the cells in logarithmic growth phase were used for experiments. The inhibitor DAPT was used to block Notch signaling pathway, and the effect of the pathway on VEGF promoting proliferation of MSC was observed. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: control, VEGF, DAPT and VEGF+DAPT. The CCK-8 was used to assay the cells proliferation of each group, while RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of related genes (Notch1, Notch2, Flk-1, Hes-1) at mRNA levels. The results indicated that the cells survival rate MSC in DAPT group and VEGF+DAPT group was low in each time point (24 h, 48 h, 72 h), the cell number decreased, and the cells became rounded. The survival rate of MSC in VEGF group was the highest; the difference of cell survival rate was statistically significant between the groups (P < 0.01); Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression level of Notch1, Notch2 and Flk-1 in VEGF group was raised, while the expression level of Notch1 and Notch2 in DAPT group and VEGF+DAPT group come down, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05); whereas the mRNA expression level of Hes-1 in VEGF group was down-regulated, but that in DAPT group and VEGF+DAPT group was up-regulated, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Flk-1 mRNA level in DAPT group and VEGF+DAPT group was slightly lower, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It is concluded that Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the proliferation of rat MSC, treated with VEGF, however, the DAPT can weaken this effect.

Effect of xuebijing oral effervescent tablet on endotoxin induced fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation rabbit model / 药学学报

In order to discover the mechanism of Xuebijing oral effervescent tablet (XBJOET) to treat infectious diseases, the effect of XBJOET on endotoxin induced rabbit fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was investigated. Auricle microcirculation in rabbit was detected by laser speckle blood perfusion imager system; coagulation function was measured by coagulation analyzer, fibrinolytic system was quantified by Elisa assay and micro thrombosis in tissues was observed with HE staining under light microscope. The results demonstrated that the body temperature of rabbit decreased significantly at 1-3 h after administration with 4.8, 2.4 and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET to endotoxin induced DIC rabbit model, the auricle microcirculation blood flow in model group (54.45 +/- 14.53) PU was lower than that in control group (77.18 +/- 12.32) PU. The auricle microcirculation blood flow increased markedly and there was significant difference between model group and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET group. There was significant difference between model group and control group in the content of PAI1 and FIB. The PAI1 levels in model and control groups were (30.48 +/- 2.46) ng x mL(-1) and (20.93 +/- 3.25) ng x mL(-1), respectively. The FIB levels in model and control group were (3.34 +/- 1.09) g x L(-1) and (4.84 +/- 1.10) g x L(-1), respectively. The content of PAI1 in rabbit plasma decreased notably, there were significant differences between model group and 4.8, 2.4 g x kg(-1) XBJOET groups. On the contrary the content of FIB increased. XBJOET possessed pharmacological activities of curing infectious fever and DIC, the mechanism of which is related to amelioration of microcirculation disturbance, inhibition of fibrinolytic system activation and coagulation and micro thrombosis elimination.

Biological characteristics of three Newcastle disease virus isolates and entire genome sequences analysis / 病毒学报

Three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains recovered from ND outbreaks in chickens and duck flocks in north china during 2009 to 2011 were completely sequenced and biologically characterized. All the strains were velogenic and had the velogenic motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 which was consistent with the results of biological tests. Analysis of the variable region (nucleotide 47 to 420) of the F gene indicated that the three isolates belonged to genotype VII d. Cross hemagglutination inhibition test indicated that the antigen homology between three isolates and LaSota were 82.5%-89.4%, the homology between the two isolates from chicken was 90%. A cross-protection experiment in which specific-pathogen-free chickens vaccinated with LaSota were challenged by SDLY01 isolate showed that LaSota vaccine could provide complete protection against SDLY01, however virus discharge could be detected on fifth day. Challenge experiment in which Cherry Valley duck of 30 day old challenged with SD03 strain indicated that cherry valley duck had no disease in experiment period, but virus discharge could be detected from Larynx and cloaca until fifth day. Genome length of three NDV isolates was 15192bp and belonged to genotype VII d. Sequence analysis clarified that the whole genomic sequence of these three isolates shared high homology with NDV virus strains isolated from goose and duck over the same period, which elucidated that NDV isolated from goose, duck or chicken had close genetics and epidemiological relationship.

Risk analysis for hospital mortality after operations for type A aortic dissection / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors for hospital mortality after operations for type A aortic dissection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 766 consecutive patients (586 male and 180 female patient, aged (45±12) years, ranging from 16 to 78 years), who underwent surgery for type A aortic dissection from January 2001 to December 2010, were studied retrospectively. Preoperative and operation related clinic factors were analyzed by univariate analysis, followed by Logistic regression model, to identify the risk factors of hospital mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, 37 patients (4.8%) died during hospitalization. On univariate analysis, significant risk factors for hospital mortality were male, acute status, renal dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, cardiopulmonary bypass time, duration of operation, volume of blood transfusion, re-operation for bleeding (χ2=4.008-27.093, P<0.05). On Logistic regression model, independent risk factors were acute status (OR=2.784, 95%CI: 1.166-6.649, P=0.021), renal dysfunction (OR=6.285, 95%CI: 1.738 - 22.723, P=0.005), cardiac dysfunction (OR=3.052, 95%CI: 1.083-8.606, P=0.035), re-operation for bleeding (OR=3.690, 95%CI: 1.262-10.791, P=0.017), volume of blood transfusion (OR=1.033, 95%CI: 1.008-1.058, P=0.010). Additionally, male (OR=0.387, 95%CI: 0.177-0.848, P=0.018) was protective factor, and alternatively, female was indeed one of the independent risk factors for hospital mortality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Female, acute status, renal dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, re-operation for bleeding, volume of blood transfusion were independent risk factors for hospital mortality after operations for type A aortic dissection.</p>

Expression of connective tissue growth factor and pathological remodeling in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and its significance in sporadic ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (AAA), and initially to investigate the mechanisms of pathological remodeling in AAA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>AAA specimens were taken from 18 patients during elective surgical intervention, and 18 control specimens of ascending aorta were obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Specimens were stained with HE and Masson to evaluate the arrangement and aggregation of cells and collagen types I and III; immunohistochemistry staining was performed using antibodies directed against markers of CTGF; real-time PCR analysis was performed to quantify the expression level of CTGF and collagen types I and III.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathological results show degradation of elastin and hyperplasia of collagen fibers as well as disordered arrangement of smooth muscle cells in AAA. When compared with controls, protein levels of CTGF were significantly increased [(44 ± 4)% vs. (33 ± 5)%, P < 0.01]. Similar patterns were shown in mRNA levels of CTGF (P < 0.01). Using real-time PCR method, elevated levels (relative expression ratio of mRNA: 10.54/3.8 and 1.79/1.19, respectively; P < 0.01, both) of collagen types I and III were observed. CTGF expression had a correlation with both collagen fibers and aortic aneurysm diameter (r = 0.784, P < 0.01; r = 0.793, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results indicate increased expression of aortic collagen types I and III as well as CTGF in AAA specimens, which is likely to be responsible for the aortic wall pathological remodeling. The expression of CTGF was positively correlated with the aortic diameter. As a cytokines factor can stimulate collagen synthesis, CTGF may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AAA.</p>

Isolation and identification of side population cells in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and characterize the side population cells (SP cells) in the lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The protein expression of ABCG2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was detected by immunohistochemistry. SP and NSP cells in the cell line A549 were isolated by FACS, and their differentiation was analysed. ABCG2 expression in the two cell subsets was detected by RT-PCR. The cell growth curves, cell division indexes, cell cycles, plate clone formation tests, migration and invasion assays, chemotherapeutic susceptibility tests, tests of the intracellular drug levels, and the tumor cell implantation experiments on nude mice were applied to study the biological properties of the two cell subsets. The expression of ABCG2 in the transplanted tumor in nude mice was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of ABCG2 expression in the A549 cells by immunohistochemistry was 2.13%. SP and NSP cells were isolated by FACS. The SP cells could produce both SP and NSP cells, while NSP cells only produced NSP cells. SP cells expressed ABCG2, but NSP cells did not. The proliferation and migration abilities of the two cell subsets were similar, but the invasion and tumorigenic ability of SP cells was significantly higher than that of NSP cells. The susceptibilities to DDP and its intracellular levels of the two cell subsets were similar, but the susceptibilities to 5-FU, VP16, NVB and GEM and their intracellular levels of NSP cells were significantly higher than those of the SP cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SP cells in the human lung adenocarcinomas cell line A549 is enriched with tumor stem cells. An effective way to get lung adenocarcinomas stem cells is to isolate SP cells by FACS.</p>

Chemopreventive effect of boswellic acid and curcumin on 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the chemopreventive effects of boswellic acid and curcumin on 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene(DMBA)-induced oral carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Syrian golden hamsters (6 - 8 weeks old, 80 - 130 g in weight) were randomly divided into seven groups, with group A serving as the untreated negative control. The left cheek pouch of the remaining hamsters was topically treated with 0.5% DMBA in mineral oil three times a week for 6 weeks. They were then randomized to six groups with group B serving as a positive control and receiving no further treatment. Groups C-G were treated topically with 5, 10 mg/L boswellic acid, 5, 10 µmol/L curcumin, or the combination of 5 mg/L boswellic acid and 5 µmol/L curcumin three times per week for 18 weeks. The animals were injected with bromodeoxyuridine intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg 2 h prior to killing. At the 25 th week all the hamsters were sacrificed and cheek pouch tissue was harvested. One half of the tissue was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites, and the other half was fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered saline(PBS)-buffered formalin for histopathological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six-weeks of DMBA followed by 18-weeks of topical application of boswellic acid and curcumin, both boswellic acid (5, 10 mg/L) and curcumin (5, 10 µmol/L) significantly inhibited the incidence from 93.8% to 73.9% (P > 0.05), numbers from 2.19 ± 0.98 to 1.13 ± 0.81 (P < 0.01) and size of visible tumors. Microscopically the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and BrdU index were also significantly suppressed by boswellic acid and curcumin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both boswellic acid and curcumin were effective in preventing oral carcinogenesis in DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch model.</p>

A randomized prospective study of early steroid withdrawal in middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and validity of an early steroid withdrawal protocol including cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Methods Between September 2000 and April 2008, the prospective, randomized study design was used in 80 middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Steroid withdrawal group (n=39) with primary cadaveric kidney transplants received a protocol consisting of CsA 4～6 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) beginning at postoperative day 3, MMF 0. 75 g twice a day from the next postoperative day, and methylprednisolone (MP) 500 mg daily from day 0 to 3. Then prednisone (Pred) 20 mg daily was gradually tapered and withdrawn after postoperative day 30. Conventional steroid treatment group (control group, n=41) received a regimen consisting of CsA, MMF and MP, and Pred 20 mg daily. Pred was tapered to 5 mg daily over a period of 6 months, then maintained thereafter. Outcome parameters were patient and graft survival rates, renal function, acute rejection ( AR), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus, weight gain and infection. Results The incidence of AR in the steroid withdrawal group was similar to the control group (23. 1% vs. 19. 5%, χ~2=0. 15,P>0. 05). Patient survival rates at 12, 24, 36 months were 97. 4%, 94. 8% and 88.0% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 97.6%, 97.6 and 87.8% in the control group, respectively (χ~2=0. 17, P>0. 05). And graft survival rates were 94. 9%, 88. 6% and 83. 7% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 95. 1%, 91. 5% and 79. 5% in control group, respectively (χ~2 = 0.07, P>0. 05). Conclusions In middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients, early steroid withdrawal is feasible and may not significantly increase the risk of acute rejection episodes.

Effects of PTK787 on cell proliferation and expression of fak mRNA in K562 / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787 on cell proliferation, cell cycle and the expression of fak mRNA of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562, and to explore the mechanism of PTK787 against acute myeloid leukemia. The MTT method was used to detect the effects of PTK787 in various concentrations and at different time points on proliferation of K562 cells; the flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of PTK787 in different concentrations on cell cycle of K562 cells; the RT-PCR was used to assay the expression of fak mRNA in K562 cells treated with PTK787 for 48 hours. The results showed that along with increasing of the concentration and prolonging of time, the inhibitory rate of PTK787 on K562 proliferation was gradually enhanced. The comparison between various concentration groups at same time or comparison between various time groups in same concentration showed significant differences (p < 0.05), in which the effect of 320 micromol/L PTK787 on cells was strongest, while the continuous increase of PTK787 concentration or prolong of action time did not enhance the inhibitory rate on K562 proliferation. With increasing of drug concentration, the cell proportion in G(1) phase gradually increased, the cell proportion in S phase gradually decreased, the comparison between various groups revealed significant differences (p < 0.05), however the continuous increase of drug concentration from 160 micromol/L did not obviously change the cell proportion in phases of cell cycle. With increasing of drug concentration, the expression of fak mRNA in K562 cells gradually reduced with significant differences between various groups (p < 0.05), but with continuous increase of drug concentration from 160 micromol/L, the effect of PTK787 on the expression of fak mRNA in K562 cells also did not obviously change. It is concluded that the PTK787 shows effect of anti-leukemia cells through inhibiting transformation of the K562 cells from G(1) phase into S phase and decreasing the expression of fak mRNA in cells.

Dynamic analysis of expression of VEGF and its receptor-2 in mouse model with acute myeloid leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

The objective of study was to explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor-2 in pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. The acute myeloid leukemia model was established on 20 mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) transplanted by HL-60 cells. The mice were divided into the normal control and test group randomly. The expression of VEGF was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of VEGFR-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that the establishment of acute myeloid leukemia model was succeeded on all SCID mice by HL-60 cell transplantation. The expressions of VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNAs could be determined on all mice. As compared with the normal control group, the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNAs in the test group significantly increased, but gradually increased during the course of disease. It is concluded that the abnormal expressions of VEGF and VEGFR-2 exist in mice with acute myeloid leukemia, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of AML.